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- EDUCATION, Page 62Bye-Bye Financial Aid
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- For private colleges, few costs rose more quickly during the
- 1980s than dollars allotted for financial aid. But having a
- racially and economically diverse student body seemed worth
- almost any price. Now the economic realities of the '90s are
- forcing college administrators to make painful decisions about
- their commitment to students who may not be able to pay their
- own way. "Need-blind" admissions -- the high-minded practice of
- accepting qualified students regardless of their financial
- status -- is "close to a religion" at many schools, says Henry
- Rosovsky, economics professor at Harvard University. "But there
- can be no sacred cows in the current period."
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- Some elite institutions have already offered up that cow
- for sacrifice. Two years ago, Smith College, which spends $13.7
- million a year on financial aid, announced that it could no
- longer afford a need-blind admissions policy. As a result, 29
- otherwise qualified candidates for last fall's freshman class --
- 11 of them women of color -- were rejected. Under pressure from
- students and alumnae, Smith resumed its need-blind policy this
- year, but the result is likely to be the same. While those 29
- students would probably be admitted now, Smith still wouldn't be
- able to give them any money.
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- Wesleyan University, which overshot its financial-aid
- budget by $850,000 last year, is considering a proposal to make
- a student's ability to pay one of the major factors in
- determining who is accepted from the school's waiting list.
- Meanwhile, Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Me., despite a
- professed commitment to admitting students without regard to
- financial need, rejected 40 otherwise qualified applicants last
- year when it ran out of aid money. "Letting financial conditions
- affect who gets in is not an attractive option for us," laments
- admissions dean Richard Steele. "But we're not assuming that we
- can be totally need-blind as we approach the 21st century."
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- Admissions officials say that unless the government
- provides more financial support, growing numbers of youngsters,
- particularly in the middle class, may not be able to attend the
- schools of their choice. "Low-income students get fully funded,
- and high-income students pay full freight, but it's the middle
- class that really has a hard time," says Rosovsky. Increasingly,
- institutions are divvying up their limited funds into skimpy
- partial-aid packages rather than full grants -- a practice known
- as gapping. This leads students to overextend themselves by
- taking on unadvisably large loans or excessively demanding jobs.
- Both Reed College in Portland, Ore., and Amherst College in
- Massachusetts, for example, will ask their financial-aid
- students to kick in about $500 more than last year, either from
- loans or campus employment.
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- Though they don't like to admit it, many colleges are
- actively pursuing wealthy students by intensifying their
- recruitment of affluent foreign students. International students
- made up 11% of the entering class at the University of
- Pennsylvania last fall, compared with just 2% a decade ago.
- About 45% of the students at Penn receive financial aid, but
- only 8% of the foreign students do.
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- While international recruiting and continued support for
- indigent students will help colleges maintain their ethnic and
- racial diversity, another kind of diversity is likely to be
- sacrificed as private colleges feel the squeeze. Without the
- middle and working classes, says J. Carey Thompson, admissions
- director at Furman University in Greenville, S.C., "it's the
- economic diversity that will suffer."
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- -- By Janice C. Simpson
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